Christians
1525-1530 Tynsdale Bible, English Translation
John Calvin (1509-1564) was a French reformer and theologian.
His father was an attorney to Bishop of Noyon. In 1521, John tonsured
at the age of 12, but not ordained.
Calvin studied arts in Paris and law at Bourges. In 1532 Calvin,
published edition of Seneca, De Clementia In 1535, Calvin
fled from Paris to Basel In 1536 While in Geneva, Calvin was pressed
into service by William Farel. Published first edition of Institutes
of the Christian Religion (1536). In 1538 Calvin was expelled
from Geneva, fled to Strasbourg.
In 1541 Calvin produced Epistle to Cardinal Sadoleto and returned
to Geneva.
Anabaptists: In the 16th Century, a number of closely
related group refused to allow their children to be baptized and
reinstituted the baptism of believers. Their denial of infant
baptism led to the nickname.
Key Leaders: Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, Georg Blaurock,
Ludwig Hätzer and Balthasar Hübmaier
Active in Zurich and other areas of Switzerland and the Holy Roman
Empire. Repudiated church-state ties. Considered voluntary association
of committed believers.
Reformation under Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
1559: Second Edwardian Prayer Book reissued
1563: 38 Articles of Religion (39th added later)
1570: Excommunication of Elizabeth; expulsion of Thomas
Cartwright from Cambridge
1588: Defeat of Spanish Armada was presented by Elizabeth's
propagandists as evidence of Divine favor, and she claimed that
her successes showed that she had been chosen to rule by God.
1590s: Richard Hooker's Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
published, designed to justify the constitutional structure of
the Elizabethan Church.
Mennonites
Followers of Menno Simons (1496-1561).
1535: Menno Simons conversion and (re)baptism. He renounced
his connections with the Roman Catholic Church in 1536.
1537: Simons (re)ordination and (re)marriage
1540: Foundation Book
Spread of Mennonite communities
The English Reformers
William Tynsdale: c.1494-1536. Educated at Oxford and
Cambridge. Was forced into exile, published translation of New
Testament in English while in hiding on Continent. Was hounded
all over Europe by his enemies. Was arrested and executed in Brussels.
Thomas Cranmer: 1489-1556. Educated at Cambridge. Supported Henry VIII in effort to divorce Catherine of Aragon. In 1533 was named Archbishop of Canterbury. Introduced moderated reforms under Henry VIII and Edward VI. Worked on production of first and second Book of Common Prayer. Was arrested and convicted of treason and heresy under Mary Tudor. Recanted under duress; burned at stake while denying his recantation.
Nicholas Ridley: c.1500-1555. Educated at Cambridge. Was chaplain to Cranmer, later to Henry VIII. In 1547 was named bishop of Rochester. In 1550 was named bishop of London. Helped produce first and second Book of Common Prayer. Was arrested and burned at stake with Latimer.
1517 Martin Luther posted 95 these on indulgences on the door of the castle church at Wittenberg.* Written largely in response to to indulgences granted by Leo X for contributions of the renovation of St. Peter's in Rome. They came to be known as the manifesto of reform and in 1518 Luther defended his position. 1530 Augsburg Confession drawn up which is the doctoral basis for the Lutheran Church. More on Luther.
Council of Trent: 1545-1563. Called by Paul III. Papal Bull: Laetare Hierusalem. Central Focus: Reform the church. Halt Protestant Reformation. Major Decisions: Tradition bears same authority as Scripture.
Anabaptists: In the 16th Century, a number of closely
related group refused to allow their children to be baptized and
reinstituted the baptism of believers. Their denial of infant
baptism led to the nickname.
Key Leaders: Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, Georg Blaurock,
Ludwig Hätzer and Balthasar Hübmaier. Active in Zurich
and other areas of Switzerland and the Holy Roman Empire. Repudiated
church-state ties. Considered voluntary association of committed
believers.